1945年，同盟国正在逼近日本 In 1945, Allies are closing in on Japan.
我们用了火箭筒，火焰喷射器 We used bazookas, flamethrowers,
那是一场屠杀 and it was a slaughter.
美军发现冲绳岛是一场血战 Americans find a bloodbath on Okinawa.
澳大利亚人向婆罗洲进发 Australians move in on Borneo.
获救的战俘揭露了在泰国的噩梦 And rescued POWs reveal a nightmare in Thailand.
几乎没多久，我们就变得骨瘦如柴 In almost no time we have become skeleton men.
以罕见的幕后影片… With rare behind the scenes film...
和彩色的实战镜头… and color combat footage...
聆听声音，感受战斗 hear the voices, and feel the fight.
我们知道会遇到麻烦 We knew that we were going to be in for trouble.
我们就知道 We just knew it.
【全彩太平洋战争】 （七）宁死不降
道格拉斯·麦克阿瑟将军要回家了 General Douglas MacArthur is coming home.
这是菲律宾的科雷吉多尔 This is Corregidor in the Philippines,
三年前战败时，麦克阿瑟最后的根据地 where MacArthur made his last stand before defeat three years ago.
现在他回来，向刚刚解放这里的伞兵致辞 Now he's back to address the paratroopers that just helped liberate it.
战斗才结束不久，降落伞还挂在树上 The battle is so fresh, the chutes are still blowing in the trees.
夺回科雷吉多，是军事史上最辉煌的行动之一 The capture of Corregidor is one of the most brilliant operations in military history.
麦克阿瑟也容易感情用事的夸大其词 Prone to overstatement, MacArthur is also prone to emotion.
菲律宾再次升起美国国旗 The Philippines are flying the American flag once more.
我看见那根老旗杆依然矗立着 I see the old flagpole still stands.
让你的军队把旗帜高举到顶峰 Have your troops hoist the colors to its peak,
永远不要让敌人把它们扯下 and let no enemy ever haul them down.
但这面旗帜正飘扬在一片支离破碎的领土上 But the flag is flying over a territory in tatters.
宏伟的城市马尼拉被摧毁 The grand city of Manila is gutted.
政府建筑成为废墟 Official buildings are reduced to rubble.
居民社区被夷为平地 Neighborhoods are razed.
但在解放后的几周，马尼拉正在好转 But weeks after liberation, Manila is on the mend.
英国战地记者威廉·考特尼乘坐马车游览城市 British war journalist William Courtenay tours the city on a horse drawn carriage
用他自己的相机捕捉这些景象 and captures the sights with his own camera.
菲律宾人正在复原 Filipinos are on the rebound.
在被炸毁的建筑物之间 Between bombed out buildings
是战争已经离开的明确迹象 is a sure sign that war has moved on.
劳军联合组织已经进驻 The USO has moved in.
考特尼拍摄的是好莱坞明星与男女军人们 Courtenay's camera rolls as Hollywood stars and servicemen and women
在离家7000英里的地方面对面交流 meet face to face -- 7,000 miles from home.
喜剧演员乔·E·布朗来鼓舞士气 Comedian Joe E. Brown has come to boost their morale.
他那滑稽的橡胶脸表情一直笑翻到后排 His comic rubber-faced expressions translate all the way to the back row.
在整个太平洋地区，劳军联合组织 Throughout the Pacific, the USO brings laughter
给那些最近才见识了恐怖的地方带来欢笑 to places that only recently knew horror.
飞机降落在塔拉瓦岛尘土飞扬的跑道上——另一位名人 Touching down on this dusty airstrip on Tarawa -- another celebrity.
到目前为止，鲍勃·霍普已在太平洋跑了3万多英里 By now Bob Hope has logged over 30,000 miles across the Pacific.
每到一站，他和他的剧团都会被 护送到成千上万的歌迷面前 At every stop he and his troupe are escorted to thousands of fans
他们热切期待着“千载难逢的演出” eagerly awaiting "the show of a lifetime."
他来了——鲍勃·霍普！ Here he is -- Bob Hope!
现在，霍普所了解的太平洋的真实生活 By now, Hope knows the reality of life in the Pacific
几乎和他们一样 almost as well as the men.
谢谢！女士们先生们，你们好吗？ Thank you. How do you do, ladies and gentlemen?
这里是鲍伯·霍普蚊子电台 This is Bob Mosquito Network Hope.
我希望你们喜欢今天的节目，这是个好节目 I really hope you enjoy our show today. We have a nice show.
我们有弗兰西斯·朗福德，杰瑞·科罗纳 with Frances Langford, Jerry Colonna,
托尼·罗马诺，帕蒂·托马斯和邦妮·迪恩 Tony Romano, Patty Thomas and Bonnie Dean.
我知道你们会喜欢这些女孩 I know you'll enjoy the girls.
你还记得女孩们 You remember girls.
是的，他们做得很好 Yes, they're doing very fine.
在其些岛上，这些女孩是第一批登陆的 On some of these Islands, these girls have been the first to land.
埃莉诺会生气吗？ Won't Eleanor be mad, huh?
霍普并不是唯一一个让美国人笑逐颜开的人 Hope is not the only one putting smiles on American faces.
还有很多大明星 There are plenty of big stars
以及成千上万个鲜为人知的名字 and thousands of lesser known names.
他们为了太平洋上思念家乡的军队 They perform show after show
表演了一场又一场 for homesick troops all over the Pacific.
凡是有劳军联合组织演出的地方，战争已经过去 Wherever there's a USO show, war has passed.
但在这片黎明前的水域，一切才刚刚开始 But in these pre-dawn waters, it's only beginning.
在这里，舞台上的表演非常不同 Here, the stage is set for a very different show.
没有笑声，只有一阵紧张的沉默 No laughter. Just a nervous silence.
这是1945年的复活节 It's Easter Sunday, 1945.
许多人认为这可能是他们在世上的最后一天 Many of these men think it might be their last day on earth.
晨光揭示了一个惊人的景象 The morning light reveals a stunning sight --
太平洋战争中规模最大的两栖攻击 the largest amphibious assault of the Pacific War.
一条近8英里宽的铁流正在逼近冲绳 A line of steel almost eight miles wide is closing in -- on Okinawa.
我这辈子从来没见过这么多军舰 I have never in my life seen so many Navy ships.
在我所能看到的地方，航母成群结队 The aircraft carriers were lined up as far as I could see.
1500艘船，50万人 Fifteen hundred ships. Half a million men.
塔拉瓦，塞班岛，硫磺岛 Tarawa. Saipan. Iwo Jima.
所有的海滩都沾满了鲜血 All had beaches covered in blood.
现在美国人更聪明了，也更疲惫了 Now Americans are wiser and wearier.
他们预计伤亡率将达到80% They expect an 80 percent casualty rate.
其中一个俄亥俄州的孩子，大卫·麦克法登 Among the faces is David McFadden, a kid from Ohio
还记得那次恐惧 who remembers the fear.
那里有好几百小伙 There were hundreds of boys.
你唯一能听见的就是 The only thing you could hear
船上的风琴演奏“我的上帝，向你更近” was the ship's organ playing "Nearer, My God, to Thee."
伙计，你不觉得没有多少人会这么想吗？ And boy, don't you think there weren't a lot of them thinking that.
小伙子，真的很年轻 Young boys, really young.
这是通往日本本土跳岛的最后一站 This is the last stop in the island-hopping campaign toward the Japanese mainland.
美军可以从冲绳发动对日本的大规模入侵 From Okinawa, Americans can stage a massive invasion of Japan itself.
它有70英里长 It is 70 miles long.
按平方公里计算，它面积不比洛杉矶市大 In square mileage it's no bigger than the city of Los Angeles.
其地形特点是小山丘丛生 Its terrain features craggy clusters of small mountains,
包括横贯东西的山脊线 including ridgelines that run east to west,
形成了南下的天然屏障 creating a natural barrier to southward travel.
美军的情报有限 Americans have limited intelligence going in.
缺乏空中侦察 Aerial reconnaissance is lacking.
他们只能猜测前方的情况 They can only guess at what lies ahead.
这部日本影片提供了一些线索 This Japanese film offers clues.
三年来，美军一直把他们赶回太平洋彼岸 For three years, Americans have been pushing them back across the Pacific.
冲绳是他们最后的根据地 Okinawa is their last stand.
盟军期待着最后的摊牌 The Allies expect a final showdown.
在入侵之前，美国释放了凶猛的火力 Before the invasion, the United States unleashes ferocious firepower.
空中和海上的轰炸把岛炸得粉碎，以削弱防御 Aerial and naval bombardment shreds the island to soften defenses.
日本人称它为“钢铁台风” The Japanese nickname it "the typhoon of steel."
这是3个月的坚实打击 It is three months of solid pounding.
1945年4月1日
登陆日是复活节周日，也被称为L日 Invasion day, Easter Sunday, is nicknamed L-Day.
快！快！快！ Go! Go! Go!
上岸的人做好了最坏的打算 The men coming ashore expect the worst.
我在想，也许一小时以后 I was thinking, well, maybe in an hour from now
我什么都不用担心了 I won't have to worry about anything anymore.
但他们遇到的不是敌人的火力，而是可怕的寂静 But instead of enemy fire, they meet an eerie silence.
他们小心翼翼地行进，以为会有陷阱 They move cautiously, expecting a trap.
但是没有敌人的迹象 But there's no sign of the enemy.
有些人怀疑他们是否上错了岛 Some wonder if they've landed on the wrong island.
查尔斯·基尔帕特里克中尉和其他人一样惊讶 First Lieutenant Charles Kilpatrick is as surprised as anyone.
我们期待着日本人惯常的欢迎会 We were expecting the usual welcome committee from the Japanese,
但这并没有发生 and it didn't happen.
我们没有听到枪声 We didn't hear a shot fired.
他们唯一看到的日本士兵已经死了 The only Japanese soldiers they see are already dead,
通常躺在弹坑附近 usually lying near a bomb crater.
无人迎战的消息传回了舰队 Word gets back to the fleet -- there is no one to fight.
随后一波接一波的部队上岸了 Subsequent waves of troops come ashore.
他们冷静地握着装备，直身走在海滩上 They calmly grab their gear and walk upright onto the beach.
几个小时内，数千人将一座城市的基础设施 Within hours, thousands of men unload a city's worth of infrastructure
卸在冲绳的海滩上 onto the beaches of Okinawa.
在内陆，一切都像演习一样顺利 Inland, things move as smoothly as a training exercise.
许多人把枪收起来，无需再挖散兵坑 Many keep their guns stowed, and never have to dig a foxhole.
登陆继续推进 The invasion presses forward.
在最初的几天里，海军陆战队员可以畅通无阻地行进 In the first few days, Marines march unimpeded
穿过岛的中部，并确保所经之地的安全 through the midsection of the island and secure it coast to coast.
他们像购物清单一样勾掉了军事目标 They tick off military objectives like a grocery list --
同时享受着亚热带岛屿上的好天气 all while enjoying a fine stretch of weather on a subtropical island.
一位将军对媒体说 One general says to the press,
“我不知道日本鬼子在哪儿 "I don't know where the Japs are,
也没法给你任何理由，为什么他们这么容易就让我们上岸” and I can't offer you any good reason why they let us come ashore so easily."
美军认为有10万日军在保卫冲绳 Americans think 100,000 Japanese are defending Okinawa.
问题是——在哪里？ The question is -- where?
对于那些以为要下地狱的军队来说 For troops that expected to be in hell,
冲绳感觉像天堂 Okinawa feels like heaven.
与其说是入侵，不如说是度假 Instead of an invasion, it seems like a vacation.
士兵们沿路采摘熟了的蕃茄 Soldiers pick ripe tomatoes along the road.
他们征用当地的马匹用来兜风 They commandeer local horses and take joyrides.
他们享用当地的牲畜，互相比拼烧烤手艺 They avail themselves of the local livestock and try to one-up each other's barbecue.
一位士兵回忆说，这样的野炊是他一生中最好的一餐 One soldier recalled such a cookout to be one of the best meals of his life,
就在本该是他死亡的战场上 on what was supposed to be the battlefield of his death.
到目前为止，冲绳岛战役还是轻而易举 So far, the battle of Okinawa is a cakewalk.
负责指挥的是小西蒙·玻利瓦尔·巴克纳将军 In charge of the invasion is General Simon Bolivar Buckner Junior.
他是直接出自核心定位—— He is straight from central casting --
高大，银发，严肃 tall, silver-haired, and no-nonsense.
在给妻子阿黛勒的一封信里 He is surprised things are going so smoothly
他很惊讶事情进展得如此顺利，想知道敌人在想什么 and wonders what the enemy is thinking in a letter to his wife Adele.
现在一切都很顺利 Everything is now going well,
到目前为止，我的对手将军 and so far my opposing general
还没有显示出任何明显的军事才华 has not displayed any noticeable degree of military brilliance.
我希望他能保持下去 I hope he keeps this up.
巴克纳的日本对手，是牛岛满中将 Buckner's Japanese counterpart is Lieutenant General Mitsuru Ushijima.
他受到部下的尊敬——出于武士道的传统 He is respected by his men -- cut right from the Samurai tradition.
这是一个包括战斗到死的传统 A tradition that includes fighting to the death.
不要为被俘而感到羞耻 Do not suffer the shame of being taken prisoner.
你将永生 You will live for eternity.
日本人很快就会揭示他们的战略 The Japanese will soon reveal their strategy --
突然，且致命 suddenly, and lethally.
入侵的第三天，仍然没有敌人的迹象 By the third day of the invasion, there is still no sign of the enemy.
指挥西蒙·巴克纳将军给海军陆战队传令 Commanding General Simon Buckner sends a message to the Marines.
移除所有限制，向北前进 All restrictions removed on your advance northward.
人员和物资向岛上移动，进入本部半岛 Men and materiel move up the island and into the Motobu Peninsula,
一片无人居住的山地 a mountainous no-man's land.
他们接近了高而崎岖的八重岳 They approach a high, craggy mass called Mount Yae-Take.
突然，炮火从四面八方冒了出来 Suddenly, fire comes from everywhere.
美军无论走到哪里，都会被迫击炮和机枪压制 Americans are pinned down by mortars and machine guns no matter where they go.
连队分散开来寻找掩护 Companies get split up running for cover.
他们几乎不知道朝哪里还击 They barely know where to return fire.
经过几天轻松快速的前进 After days of easy and rapid advance,
伤亡人数数以百计 casualties pile up by the hundreds.
就在这个现实降临的时候 And just as this reality hits on the ground,
愤怒自天空而来 a fury comes from the sky.
1945年4月6日
4月6日清晨，冲绳岛海域一片平静 April 6th dawns quiet in the waters off Okinawa.
平静并没有使海军少尉道格·艾特肯感到舒服 The calm did not comfort Ensign Doug Aitken.
我们知道我们会遇到麻烦 We knew that we were going to be in for trouble.
我们就知道 We just knew it.
在附近的岛屿上，日本人已经召集了 On the nearby islands, the Japanese had been gathering
他们军备库中所有可用的飞机和飞行员 every usable plane and pilot remaining in their arsenal.
有些人没有经验，但仍然愿意献身 Some are inexperienced, but no less devoted.
他们称这一任务为“菊水”，即“漂浮的菊花” They call this mission Kikusui, or "floating chrysanthemum."
他们一波一波地起飞 They take off in waves --
开始一场前无古人后无来者的神风特攻队狂欢 and begin a kamikaze spree that dwarfs anything before or since.
在接下来的两天里，超过350架敌机造成了严重的破坏 In the next two days, over 350 enemy planes wreak absolute havoc.
美国飞行员试图在车轮战中阻止他们 American pilots try to stop them in roller-coaster dogfights.
海军炮手试图在白刃战的高速战斗中让他们脱轨 Navy gunners try to derail them in white-knuckle high-speed combat --
有时近到能看清彼此的脸 sometimes close enough to see each other's faces.
仅在4月6日，就有3艘船被完全击沉 On April 6th alone, three ships are sunk outright.
另有15艘被击中并损坏 Another 15 are hit and damaged.
袭击只留下了一堆扭曲的钢铁和鲜血 The attacks leave a flotsam of twisted steel and blood.
但这只是菊水行动的开始 But it's only the beginning of Kikusui.
在这场噩梦中，新闻传到了前线 In the midst of this nightmare, news reaches the front lines.
国旗降半旗 The flag flies at half staff
悲痛欲绝的国家在哀悼逝者 as a grief-stricken nation mourns the death of
富兰克林·德拉诺·罗斯福，美国总统 Franklin Delano Roosevelt, President of the United States.
12年来，他领导这个国家度过了最黑暗的时光 For 12 years, he steered the nation through some of its darkest hours.
冲绳的军队公开哀悼 The troops on Okinawa grieve publicly.
对于其中的许多年轻人，罗斯福是他们唯一记得的总统 Many of them are so young that Roosevelt is the only president they remember.
你会看到成年人像婴儿一样哭泣 You'd see grown men crying like babies,
因为我们失去了一个像父亲一样的人 because we had lost somebody who was a father figure to us.
我们也想知道，现在怎么办？ We also wondered, now what?
罗斯福是我们的人，而杜鲁门是谁？ Roosevelt was our man. Who is this guy Truman?
回到八重岳 Back at Mount Yae-Take
这是一周的艰苦战斗，而且几乎没什么结果 it's been week of uphill fighting, and there is little to show for it --
除了血和绷带 besides blood and bandages.
这是一场艰难的上坡战，对手是 一位军官所说的“幽灵敌人” It is an uphill slog against what one officer calls "a phantom enemy."
接下来的4天，他们冒着凶猛的火力慢慢向山上移动 For four more days, they slowly move up the mountain under withering fire.
然后，陆战队终于攻下了八重岳的山顶 Then, Marines finally take the top of Mount Yae-Take --
环顾四周 and take a look around.
2000具日军的尸体散落在山峰、战壕和隧道里 Two thousand Japanese bodies litter the peaks, trenches, and tunnels.
他们几乎是战斗到死的 Almost to a man, they had fought to the death.
这一座山顶耗费了海军陆战队近千人的兵力 This one mountaintop cost the Marines almost a thousand men.
这是他们对抗冲绳日军防线的第一次考验 It is their first test against the Japanese defenses on Okinawa...
他们想知道，自己是否只触及了表面 and they wonder if they've only scratched the surface.
肯定还有更多的日本人 There have to be more Japanese somewhere.
美军谨慎行进 Americans move cautiously.
突然，在首里城附近 Suddenly, near the village of Shuri,
部队受到猛烈的炮火攻击 troops come under intense fire.
他们用齐射回击 They answer with volleys of their own.
但是当日军用机枪和火焰喷射器进攻的时候 But when the Japanese charge with machine guns and flamethrowers,
美军不得不撤退 Americans have to retreat.
不久后，另一连队遭遇了一场冰雹似的袭击 Soon after, another company endures a hailstorm of mortars
迫击炮以每秒超过1次的速度打来 coming in at more than one per second.
他们损失了45人 They lose 45 men.
美军发现自己被无情的炮火压制 US forces find themselves pinned down by unrelenting fire.
他们跑进了首里防线 They have run into the Shuri Line,
一个建在山脉中的防御巨兽 a defensive colossus built into a mountain range.
这是军事设计的神来之笔 It is a masterstroke of military design.
日军逆向在坡上盘踞着，而接近的美军看不到 The Japanese are entrenched on the reverse slope -- invisible to approaching Americans.
日军的每个位置都能支持另一个位置 Every Japanese position supports another.
每支美军都陷入了交叉火力 Every American is caught in crossfire.
仅仅八重岳一座小山，花了一周时间才攻克 Mount Yae-Take was a single hill -- and it took a week to conquer.
首里防线是个8英里宽，贯穿海岸的杀戮区 The Shuri Line is an eight-mile-wide coast-to-coast killing zone.
太平洋战争中最糟糕的因素，全都卷进了一场噩梦 The worst elements of Pacific warfare all rolled into a single nightmare.
这里是美国意识到残酷真相的地方 This is where America realizes the brutal truth --
日本人不再为了胜利而战 the Japanese are no longer fighting to win.
他们只想把对冲绳的征服扭转 They only want to turn the conquest of Okinawa
变成一场旷日持久的大屠杀 into a drawn-out bloodbath --
好让美国重新考虑入侵日本本土的问题 and give America second thoughts about invading mainland Japan.
四月到五月，它开始起作用了 As April turns to May, it's working.
一开始的轻松变成了绞肉机 What started as a cakewalk has become a meat grinder.
首里防线线阻碍了美军的前进 The Shuri Line has stalled the American advance --
血流得越来越多 and spilled rising amounts of blood.
到目前为止已有2万人伤亡 So far there are 20,000 casualties.
比塔拉瓦和塞班加起来还要多 More than Tarawa & Saipan combined.
医疗单位争先恐后地救治每一个伤者 Medical units scramble to treat every injury.
回到家，警官们会在牧师的护送下敲开无数的门 Back home, officers escorted by chaplains will knock on countless doors.
冲绳正在成为太平洋战区的黑洞 Okinawa is becoming the Pacific theater's black hole.
接下来是欧洲战场的突发新闻 Then, from the European theater, news breaks.
1945年5月8日
在世界各地 Throughout the world
成群的人欢呼欧洲战争的结束 throngs of people hail the end of the war in Europe.
世界在庆祝 The world celebrates.
希特勒死了，德国投降了，欧洲和平了 Hitler is dead, Germany surrenders, and Europe is at peace.
但在世界的另一边，日本仍然不肯让步 But on the other side of the world, Japan still won't budge.
冲绳战役已经拖延了很久，比硫磺岛和塞班岛还长 The battle for Okinawa has already dragged on longer than Iwo Jima or Saipan.
这场战争似乎没完没了 The war seems endless.
战斗疲劳像疾病一样蔓延 Combat fatigue spreads like a disease.
有些部队已经连续4个星期在前线 Some units are on the front lines for almost four straight weeks
——在持续不断的轰炸下 -- under constant bombardment.
整个五月份，将近14000名美军士兵 Through May, nearly 14,000 troops are pulled back
因军方所称的“非战斗伤害”撤离 with what the military calls "non-battle" injuries.
我们很多人都有我们所说的“千码凝视” We had a lot of people who had what we call a "thousand-yard stare."
只是看向别处，什么也不想 Just looking off and not thinking anything.
我们失去了几个人，他们完全无望了 We lost a few that were just completely gone.
查尔斯·基尔帕特里克中尉看见一名军官撞墙 First Lieutenant Charles Kilpatrick sees one officer hit the wall.
然后他就崩溃了 And he just broke down.
他说:“我再也做不下去了 He said, "I can't do it anymore.
我不能再派更多的人出去送死了” I can't send any more boys out there to get killed."
直到他们攻克了首里防线，他们深陷于屠宰场 Until they crack the Shuri Line, they're trapped in a slaughterhouse.
俯瞰那霸市，是个由小山峰组成的紧密三角地带 Overlooking the city of Naha is a close triangle of small peaks
——马蹄形，半月形，还有现在臭名昭著的圆锥山 -- Horse Shoe, Half Moon, and the now infamous Sugar Loaf.
5月12日，一队海军陆战队员开始攀登 On May 12th, a company of Marines starts to climb.
他们爬得越高，承受的火力就越多 The higher they get, the more fire they take.
第一天就有半个连队的人受伤或阵亡 Half the company is wounded or killed on the first day.
他们撤退了，虽然像托马斯·达勒姆 这样的陆战队员声称，不懂这个词 They retreat -- though Marines like Thomas Durham claim not to know that word.
海军陆战队从不撤退 The Marines didn't retreat.
我们迅速向后方推进 We made a rapid advance to the rear.
那些日本鬼子都是好战士 Those Japs are damn good fighters,
他们已经准备好去见他们可敬的祖先了 and they were ready to meet their honorable ancestors.
我们可没有 We were not.
美军意识到圆锥山才是首里防线的西锚 The Americans realize that Sugar Loaf is the western anchor of the Shuri Line --
这个防御墙他们已经敲打了一个月 the defensive wall they've already been pounding for a month.
只有拿下这座山，他们才能突围 They can't break through until they win this hill.
在冲绳岛上，平民无法逃脱军队对他们家乡的焚烧 On Okinawa, civilians can't escape the armies torching their home island.
他们的生活正在化为灰烬 Their lives are turning into ashes.
他们在战争的风暴中寻求庇护 Seeking shelter from the storm of combat,
涌入了迅速发展的难民营 they stream into burgeoning refugee camps --
有时一天能超过1000人 sometimes more than 1,000 a day.
他们和日本人没有血缘关系 They have no kinship with the Japanese,
并不忠于美国人 no loyalties to the Americans,
也不知道该怎么活下去 and no idea how to get through it alive.
巴克纳将军写道： General Buckner writes:
一些冲绳人得到了枪支 A few Okinawans had been given guns.
他们既不知道如何战斗，也不知道如何投降 They don't know either how to fight or how to surrender.
他们打了几枪，然后进了山洞 They shoot a few rounds and go into caves
但他们不出来，不得不被杀死 but won't come out and have to be killed.
他们唯一熟悉的生活已经支离破碎 The only life they ever knew has been blown apart.
他们受到炮弹的冲击 They are shell shocked.
儿童最容易受到伤害 Children are most vulnerable.
即使没有直接受伤，他们也有营养不良 If they aren't directly injured, they are malnourished,
当然也很困惑和害怕 and surely confused and terrified.
有一次，美军遇到了一个女孩 In one instance, Americans come upon a girl
她拒绝和日本军队一起撤退 who refused to retreat with Japanese troops.
作为惩罚，他们砍掉了她的脚 As punishment, they cut off her foot.
冲绳人需要很长一段时间 It will take a long time for Okinawans
从他们变成杀戮场的小岛中恢复过来 to recover from having their island turned into a killing field.
在太平洋的其他地方，美国人得到了帮助 Elsewhere in the Pacific, Americans have help.
在婆罗洲，澳大利亚人指挥了纳闽登陆 On Borneo, Australians lead the invasion of Labuan.
这里是日本的大型供应中心 It's a big Japanese supply hub.
他们从这里把当地的石油和橡胶运回日本 From here they've been shipping local oil and rubber back to Japan.
记者威廉·考特尼正在一架 澳大利亚轰炸机的舱门处进行拍摄 Journalist William Courtenay is filming from the open hatch of an Australian bomber.
里面的枪手在瞄准 Gunners inside take aim.
他们先攻击了船只 They target the ships first.
一股长长的黑烟从一艘油轮上冒出来 Here a long plume of black smoke pours from an oil tanker.
甲板炮手试图干掉它，曳光弹在燃烧 The waist gunner tries to finish it off, tracers blazing.
他们打爆了海滩上数十辆的日本运输车 They leave dozens of Japanese transports burning on the beach.
然后，90艘美国和澳大利亚的船只就位 Then, 90 American and Australian ships get into position.
随着一声信号，攻击就开始了 With one signal, the barrage begins.
火箭划着弧线射进滩头阵地 Rockets arc into the beachhead.
20毫米口径的炮弹刺破天空 Twenty-millimeter shells pierce the air.
我们用尽手头的一切轰炸这个岛 We blasted the island with everything we could possibly throw at them.
美国佬的枪手扫清了道路 Yankee gunners clear the way
澳大利亚军队正为战斗做准备 as Aussie troops brace themselves for combat.
说我们害怕只是轻描淡写 To say we were scared would be an understatement,
但我们互相开玩笑来稳定神经 but we were joking amongst ourselves, which steadied our nerves.
最后，他们登陆了——毫无抵抗 Finally, they land -- unopposed.
登陆前的轰炸发挥了作用 The pre-landing bombardment does its job.
澳大利亚军队漫步在纳闽 The Australian troops stroll onto Labuan.
就像冲绳一样，出奇的平静 It's like Okinawa, an eerie calm.
几个小时后，两位指挥官上岸 Just hours later, two commanders come ashore --
澳大利亚陆军中将莫席德 Australia's Lieutenant General Morshead
还有美国的麦克阿瑟将军 and America's General MacArthur.
麦克阿瑟从不喜欢让人看到他流汗 MacArthur never likes to be seen breaking a sweat.
在6月的婆罗洲，他的态度有所缓和 On Borneo in June, he relents.
他们勘察了现场——包括死去的日本人 They survey the scene -- including dead Japanese.
他们获悉，大多数在更远的内陆深处据守 Most, they learn, are dug in further inland.
要靠澳大利亚人来驱逐他们 It will be up to the Aussies to dislodge them.
他们用英国野战炮将炮弹不断地打进崎岖的内陆 They heave shells into the rugged interior with a British field gun.
这只是个开始，但他们知道还得自己完成 It's a start, but they know they'll have to go in themselves.
当他们进军的时候，他们付出了代价 When they do, they pay the price --
主要是地雷和饵雷 mostly from landmines and booby traps.
日本人战斗到最后一刻，宁死不屈 The Japanese fight to the end, preferring death to capture.
2000名士兵中只有200人幸存 Only 200 survive out of 2,000 troops.
但平民身上有着最大的伤痕 But civilians carry the biggest scars.
在日本的占领下，他们不是被虐待，就是被无视 Under Japanese occupation, they were neglected, if not abused.
现在他们欢迎澳大利亚军队 Now they welcome Australian troops,
希望那些戴着滑稽帽子的大个子们预示着好日子到来 hoping the big men in the funny hats signal better days ahead.
来自南方的人们正在夺回婆罗洲，带回和平 The boys from down under are taking back Borneo and bringing back peace.
在冲绳，和平仍然是一个白日梦 On Okinawa, peace is still a pipe dream.
美军正把他们最大的武器投向首里防线 Americans are throwing their biggest hardware at the Shuri Line --
这是日本的庞大防线 Japan's colossal line of defense.
是一个未知的地下迷宫 It's an unknown underground maze.
突然袭击可能来自任何地方 A surprise attack could come from anywhere,
所以美军不会冒任何风险 so Americans don't take any chances.
爆炸使里面的人感到眩晕 Explosions stun anyone inside.
通常，敌人会跌跌撞撞地出来 Often, the enemy stumbles out.
偶尔也有平民 Other times, it is civilians.
从圆锥山一路穿过首里防线 From Sugar Loaf Hill all the way across the Shuri Line,
进展缓慢得令人痛苦 progress is agonizingly slow.
一位将军估计有7万日本人躲藏在地下 One general estimates there are 70,000 Japanese holed up underground.
“我看不出有什么办法把他们弄出来，”他说 "I see no way to get them out", he says,
“除了一次次地把他们炸出来” "but to blast them out yard by yard."
冲绳的陆地战节奏缓慢，让海上的情况更不轻松 The sluggish pace of the ground war on Okinawa doesn't make things easy at sea.
经过几周拖延，切斯特·尼米兹上将 As the weeks drag on, Admiral Chester Nimitz
越来越认为他的舰队是活靶子 increasingly views his fleet as sitting ducks.
战争的压力会造成损失 The pressure of war takes its toll.
神风敢死队不断进攻 And kamikazes keep coming.
在高峰时期，攻击会造成平均每天30个水手死亡 At their peak, attacks kill an average of 30 sailors per day.
看不到尽头 There is no end in sight.
一架零式战机被拍到直接冲向邦克山号 A Zero is filmed heading straight for the USS BunkerHill.
600人死伤 Six hundred are killed or injured.
她不得不退役 She has to retreat from duty.
一艘医疗船克兰福德号也被击中 The USS Craanford a hospital ship also gets hit.
飞机击穿了三层甲板，然后在手术室里爆炸 The plane rips through three decks and explodes in the surgery bay,
杀死了医生，护士和伤员 killing doctors, nurses, and patients.
对于霍华德·琼斯这样的水手来说，那次恐怖刻骨铭心 For sailors like Howard Jones, the horror is burned into memory.
船上浓烟弥漫，许多人窒息而死 The smoke went down in the ship and so many guys suffocated.
看到死人并没有让我太困扰，但受伤的… Seeing the dead didn't bother me too much, but the wounded,
当他们躺在那里痛苦呻吟时…… when they're lying there suffering and moaning...
这才是真正打击到我的，我就是受不了 that's what really hit me. I just couldn't take that.
日本故意让1900架飞机在冲绳附近自杀式坠毁 Japan intentionally crashes 1,900 planes in suicide dives around Okinawa --
这是整个太平洋战役最激烈的神风特攻队攻击 the most intense kamikaze attacks of the entire Pacific campaign.
他们击沉了26艘船，击伤164艘 They sink 26 ships and damage 164 more.
日本人认为这是崇高的牺牲 The Japanese consider it noble sacrifice.
美国人认为这是不人道的战争 The Americans consider it inhumane warfare.
第二天，是我生命中最糟糕的部分… The next day... the worst part of my life was...
我们必须把这些人收集起来，你懂的，放袋子里 we all had to get all these guys together in, you know, the bags.
无法辨认身份 You can't identify people.
正确的做法是海葬 The right thing to do is bury at sea.
这是自珍珠港以来，海军最集中的损失 It is the greatest concentration of Navy losses since Pearl Harbor.
自从第一次袭击失败后 Since the first failed attacks,
冲绳的圆锥山已经变成了一场大屠杀 Okinawa's Sugar Loaf Hill has become a massacre.
日军控制着附近的另外两座山 With Japanese holding the other two hills nearby,
无论美军向哪里进攻，都会遇到交叉火力 there is crossfire no matter where the Americans charge.
两天后，陆战队员再次冲锋 Two days into it, Marines charge up again.
经过48小时不间断的战斗 After 48 hours of nonstop fighting,
他们回到了起点，又有400人伤亡 they are back where they started -- less 400 casualties.
他们又试了一次，这次派出了1200人 They try again, this time with 1,200 men.
同样的结果 Same result.
到目前为止，相当于投入了整整两个团的部队 By now, the equivalent of two full regiments have attacked --
并且毫无进展 and gotten nowhere.
他们在同一座山上一连打了好几天 For days on end they fight over the same hill.
海军陆战队从一边扔手榴弹…… Marines throw grenades from one side...
并承受敌方的燃烧弹 and take incendiary fire from the other.
有时他们的战壕之间只相距25码 At times their trenches are only 25 yards apart.
在一天之内，山顶易手了11次 On a single day, the crest of the hill changes hands 11 times.
随着伤亡人员被抬走 As dead and wounded are carried off,
新来的部队毫无头绪地冲了进来 new troops rush in with no idea what they are in for.
大卫·麦克法登还记得当时的混乱 David McFadden remembers the chaos.
他们征用了所能召集的尽可能多的年轻人 They commandeered as many boys as they could muster.
而不是一个连或营 Instead of a company or battalion,
把他们扔在一起，因为凑不够人 they threw them all together, 'cause they didn't have enough to go around.
但敌人没有替补，没有补给线 But the enemy has no replacements, no supply lines.
最终，海军陆战队把他们拖垮了 Eventually, the Marines wear them down.
10天后，美军终于爬上了圆锥山 After 10 days, Americans finally climb Sugar Loaf Hill --
并占领了它 and hold it.
他们站在9000多名倒下的战友肩膀上 They stand on the shoulders of more than 9,000 fallen comrades.
一位军事史学家后来称这场战役为 A military historian would later call the battle
“空前绝后的接近绝望” "unmatched for closeness and desperation."
有些团损失了三分之二的士兵 Some regiments lose two-thirds of their men.
这是海军陆战队历史上最昂贵的地盘之一 It is one of the costliest pieces of ground in Marine Corps history.
我们没怎么庆祝 We didn't have much celebration.
他们只想回家，你不能怪他们 They just wanted to go home, and you couldn't blame them.
随着首里防线即将倒下 With the Shuri Line about to fall,
筋疲力尽的美国人希望他们的战斗接近尾声 the exhausted Americans hope they are nearing the end of combat.
1945年5月21日
但就在美军认为日本人要跑路时 But just when Americans think the Japanese are on the run,
雨水浸泡冲绳——10天内近12英寸 rain soaks Okinawa – almost 12 inches in 10 days.
大雨使我们的坦克停了下来 Heavy rain has stopped our tanks
而且在最需要快速进展的时候阻碍了供应 and is impeding supply just at a time when rapid progress is most desirable.
已经很困难的地形变得几乎无法通行 What is already difficult terrain becomes nearly impassable.
道路成为河流 Roads become rivers.
营地变成沼泽 Camps become swamps.
作战变得不可能 And war becomes impossible.
泥浆太深了，我们的补给突然被切断 The mud got so deep that suddenly we stopped getting supplies.
我们收不到任何炮弹，手榴弹，任何食物和水 We weren't getting any shells, any hand grenades, any food, any water.
甚至推土机也会陷进3英尺深的泥里 Even bulldozers would sink as much as three feet down in the mud,
所以他们没法把它拖过来 so they couldn't haul it to us.
部队不得不徒手把弹药运到前线 Troops have to lug ammunition to the front by hand.
伤员必须被一路抬回后方的医疗单位 Wounded have to be carried all the way back to rear medical units.
卫生措施失效 Sanitation measures break down.
士气低落 Morale sinks.
日军可以撤退到相对舒适的洞穴 The Japanese could retreat into the relative comfort of their caves.
美军只能在又冷又湿的痛苦中等待 The Americans could only wait it out in cold, wet misery.
下雨的时候，散兵坑会开始灌水 As it rained, the foxhole would start filling up with water.
每个人都很难闻 Everybody smelled.
你身上有血，还有尸块 You had blood on you and parts of bodies on you.
大家都得了腹泻或痢疾 Everybody got diarrhea or dysentery.
一个多星期以来，双方似乎处于僵持状态 For more than a week, it appears to be a standoff.
但日本人并没有停滞不前 But the Japanese are not standing still.
当冲绳的天气终于好转时，美军动员起来 When the weather finally breaks on Okinawa, the Americans mobilize.
日本在首里防线上的防御正在瓦解 The Japanese defenses on the Shuri Line are crumbling.
美军已经在这条山脊线上穷追猛打了两个月 US troops have been pounding away at this one ridgeline for two bloody months.
到目前为止，已有2万名美国人受伤 So far 20,000 Americans have been wounded
5万日本人战死，只是为了占领高地 and 50,000 Japanese killed -- just to crest its heights.
现在，他们正在逼近敌军在首里宫的总部 Now they are closing in on the enemy's headquarters at Shuri Castle --
他们希望牛岛将军藏身于此，等待最后的决战 where they hope General Ushijima himself is holed up for the final showdown.
他们发现宫殿被美国的炮火炸成碎片 They find the castle blown to bits by American artillery.
他们肯定朝那里发射了价值100万美元的炮弹 They must have shot a million dollars' worth of shells into that thing
把它炸地灰飞烟灭 just kicking it up in dust.
军队发现它面目全非，毫无防备… Troops find it unrecognizable, undefended...
并被遗弃 and abandoned.
日本人再一次消失 The Japanese have vanished. Again.
美国军队升起了一面旗帜，但胜利是空洞的 American troops raise a flag, but the victory is hollow.
现在他们意识到敌人正在更南边建立另一条防线 By now they realize the enemy is building up another line farther south,
尽可能延长战争时间 to extend the war as long as possible.
对于冲绳的士兵来说，6月是去往岛底的疲惫之旅 For the soldiers on Okinawa, June is an exhausting slog to the bottom of the island.
美军面对日益衰弱的抵抗慢慢推进 The Americans slowly advance against weakening resistance.
撤退的士兵正以每天1000人的速度被杀 The retreating soldiers are being killed at a rate of one thousand per day.
然而，他们却让美军为所获得的每一英里付出代价 Yet they manage to make Americans pay for every mile they gain.
洞穴防御仍然是一个威胁 Cave defenses are still a threat.
美军喷出的是液体火焰流，把里面的人烧成灰烬… Americans fire streams of liquid flame to incinerate anyone inside...
然后用炸药封住山洞 then use explosives to seal the cave shut.
巴克纳将军称这个方法为“喷灯和开瓶器” General Buckner calls this method "blowtorch and corkscrew."
现在的冲绳是杀戮，而不是抓捕 Okinawa is now about killing, not capturing.
在海上也是一样 At sea, it's the same equation.
先杀后俘 Kill first, take prisoners later.
在远离冲绳的中国南海上 Far from Okinawa in the South China Sea,
在鱼雷击沉了两艘远处的日军舰艇后 The submarine USS Pompanito patrols the area
美国蓬帕尼托号潜艇在该区域巡逻 after torpedoing two distant Japanese ships.
四天后，他们发现了抓着漂浮残骸的绝望幸存者 Four days later they spot desperate survivors clinging to floating wreckage.
潜水艇指挥官吓了一跳 The submarine commander gets a shock.
他们在说英语 They were speaking English.
我的眼睛被油弄得很痛 My eyes were paining with oil,
但我们抓到一根绳子，被带到了船上 but we got a rope and were taken aboard.
这些人是澳大利亚和英国的战俘 These men are Australian and British prisoners of war.
拉他们上来的过程很费劲 We had a devil of a time trying to get them on board.
他们身上滑到抓不住 They were too slick to pick up.
他们中有2000人被塞进了两艘日本货船 Two thousand of them were crammed onto two Japanese cargo ships,
结果被美国人的鱼雷击中 when they were torpedoed by the Americans.
大多数战俘都死了——被己方击沉 Most of the POWs are dead -- sunk by their own side.
幸运的那些勉强生还，在公海上漂流了4天 The lucky ones survive -- barely -- after four days on the open sea.
150人获救 One hundred and fifty are rescued.
他们非常感激 They were very thankful.
他们说，“你们这些该死的美国佬 They said, "You bloody Yanks,
今天晚上把我们弄沉，明天晚上又把我们接上来” you sink us one night and pick us up the next."
但是他们说乐于被击沉 But they said they were darn glad they were sunk,
每次击中他们的船他们都会欢呼 and that they would cheer every time hit their ship,
因为他们想看到那些混蛋被干掉 because they wanted to see the sons-of-guns go down.
你能想象我们有多震惊吗？ Can you imagine the shock we got?
水，蕃茄汤和饼干—— Water, tomato soup and crackers --
这是我们两年半以来从未有过的东西 something that we never had in two and a half years.
船员给了他们衣服，并为他们写信 The crew gave them clothes and wrote letters for them.
看到他们兄弟般的精神真是令人惊讶 It was amazing to see their brotherly spirit.
随着生还者力量的增强 As the survivors gain strength,
他们揭开了一个难以置信的故事 they unspool a story that defies belief.
他们来自泰国深处的一个秘密战俘营 They come from a secret prison camp deep in Thailand
有着足够填满一座城市的战俘——25万人 with enough POWs to fill a city -- a quarter of a million men,
包括6万的英国、澳大利亚与荷兰人 including 60,000 British, Australians, and Dutch --
至少有1000名美国人失踪 and at least 1,000 missing Americans.
他们被带到这里修建一条从泰国到缅甸，横跨桂河的铁路 They were brought here to build a railroad from Thailand to Burma across the river Kwai.
这些人被殴打折磨，被迫像奴隶一样生活 The men are beaten and tortured, forced to live as slaves.
英国战俘鲁本·坎德勒描述了这种恐怖： Reuben Kandler -- a British POW -- describes the horror:
恶劣的环境使我们极为瘦弱 The appalling conditions have made us dangerously thin.
我们没有床，没有足够的住所，饮食恶劣 We have no beds, inadequate shelter, atrocious diet
也没有卫生设施 and no sanitation.
我们失去了所有的衣服，鞋子 We have lost all our clothes, shoes,
不得不用衬衫当腰布穿 and have taken to wearing our shirts as loincloths.
几乎没多久，我们就变得骨瘦如柴 In almost no time we have become skeleton men.
将近三分之一的战俘死于囚禁 Nearly one third of the POWs die in captivity.
幸存者看不到尽头 Survivors have no end in sight.
他们所看到的只是自己的战友日渐消瘦 All they see are their own comrades wasting away.
回到冲绳岛，双方都疲惫不堪 Back on Okinawa, exhaustion is crippling both sides.
剩下不到三分之一的日军 Less than a third of the Japanese Army is left,
在海边筑成了最后一道防线 and they form a last line of defense by the sea.
它没有首里防线那么强 It's not nearly as strong as the Shuri Line.
但这里是牛岛将军最后的战线 But this is where General Ushijima makes his last stand.
目前的阵地将誓死捍卫 The present position will be defended to the death,
直到最后一人 even to the last man.
很显然，撤退是禁止的 Needless to say, retreat is forbidden.
日本人正在耗尽士兵、弹药和土地 The Japanese are running out of soldiers, ammunition, and land.
他们背朝大海 They have their backs to the sea.
美军试图说服平民投降，而不是送死 Americans try to persuade civilians to surrender rather than die.
有一次，他们从一个洞穴里诱出600名冲绳人 In one case, they lure 600 Okinawans out of a single cave.
他们对敌人不那么宽容 They are less forgiving to the enemy.
有些人完全拒绝俘虏日本人 Some refuse to take any Japanese prisoners at all,
一见到他们就杀，不管是否投降 killing them on sight, white flag or not.
直到6月17日，日军在冲绳岛只剩下8平方英里 By June 17th, the Japanese on Okinawa have only eight square miles left,
几乎无处藏身 with few places to hide.
美军可以看到海岸，他们用火开路到海边 Americans can see the coast, and they are burning their way to the sea.
日军高层聚集在海边的洞穴里 Japanese leaders are huddled in seaside caves.
空间狭小到牛岛将军无法伸展双腿 It is so cramped that General Ushijima cannot stretch out his legs.
他收到了巴克纳将军的消息 He receives a message from General Buckner --
——要求进行投降谈判的提议 an offer to enter negotiations for surrender.
你和我同样清楚 You understand as clearly as I that
消灭岛上所有顽抗的日本人只是几天的问题 the destruction of all Japanese resistance on the island is merely a matter of days.
牛岛笑而不答 Ushijima laughs if off and does not reply.
不久之后，一名摄影师捕捉到了 巴克纳将军视察一个前方观察哨 Soon after, a cameraman captures General Buckner visiting a forward observation post
看到了他最后的时光 to see the final days for himself.
这段录像拍完几分钟后 Minutes after this footage is taken,
一颗炮弹在他旁边的石头上爆炸了 a shell explodes on a rock right next to him.
一块弹片穿透了他的胸膛 A piece of it tears through his chest.
10分钟后，巴克纳将军就死了 In just 10 minutes, General Buckner is dead.
他渐渐失去了知觉 He drifts off to sleep
一个海军陆战队士兵握着他的手说 as a Marine private holds his hand, saying,
“你可以回家了，将军，你要回家了” "You are going home, General. You are homeward bound."
当美军接近海岸时，牛岛将军向东京发出了最后讯息 As Americans approach the coast, General Ushijima sends his final message to Tokyo.
我们即将部署所有幸存士兵进行最后的战斗... We are about to deploy all surviving soldiers for a final battle --
我将以我的死向天皇谢罪 in which I will apologize to the Emperor with my own death.
在一块俯瞰大海的岩架上 On a ledge overlooking the sea,
牛岛正在进行武士切腹自杀的仪式 Ushijima performs the Samurai ritual of hara-kiri,
用刀刺进自己的肚子 plunging a saber into his own stomach.
冲绳岛战役是太平洋地区 The battle for Okinawa is the only contest of the Pacific
唯一一场导致两位指挥官丧生的战役 to cost the lives of both commanding officers.
L日之后的第82天 Eighty-two days after L-Day --
当美军上岸从看不见的敌人手中夺取冲绳时 when Americans came ashore to wrestle Okinawa from an unseen enemy --
他们终于可以宣布胜利了 they can finally declare victory.
这个岛是他们的了 The island is theirs.
冲绳的战争结束了 In Okinawa, the war was over.
这一切都来之不易 And there wasn't anything easy about any of it.
有很多值得庆祝的事 There is much to celebrate.
但也有很多人要哀悼 But also many to mourn.
美国在冲绳阵亡了12520人 The United States loses 12,520 lives in Okinawa.
超过36000人受伤 More than 36,000 are wounded.
日本的伤亡令人震惊 The Japanese toll is astounding.
美国估算死亡人数超过10万，实际数字可能更高 Americans count more than 100,000 bodies, with the actual number probably higher.
大约三分之一的冲绳人死亡——另一个10万 And about a third of the Okinawan people are dead -- another 100,000 --
那些没能在岛上两军交战中存活的 unable to survive two vast armies warring on their island.
美国现在已经到了日本的家门口 America is now at Japan's doorstep.
但是冲绳岛上的伤亡人数，让军方 But the body count on Okinawa makes the military shudder
一想到入侵日本本土就不寒而栗 at the thought of invading Japan itself.
他们把入侵的伤亡估计增加到100万人 They increase their casualty estimate for the invasion -- to a million men.
杜鲁门总统将不得不权衡这些数字，和一个新的选择 President Truman will have to weigh those numbers against a new option --
一个将永远改变战争进程的选项 one that will forever change the course of warfare.